The Divisions of the Elven Kind

One of my kinsmen in the House of Feanor asked, on the traditional "Tolkien Q&A" thread, about the different kinds of Elves in Tolkien's setting. What is the difference between Eldar, Noldor, and Sindar, etc? What other kinds of Elves are there?

I did not have the complete answer off the top of my head, but some research brought it to the surface and other players making Elf characters -- and who don't have a reading of the Silmarillion to their credit -- may find it useful.

Just click the title to be taken to the post on the House of Feanor forums.